Sugarcane Poised to Drive Australia’s Sustainable Aviation Fuel Revolution

Australia’s sugarcane industry could play a pivotal role in the development of sustainable aviation fuel, with researchers pointing to the crop’s productivity, scalability, and environmental benefits.

At the ARC Research Hub for Engineering Plants to Replace Fossil Carbon, scientists are working with global technology leaders to develop renewable aviation fuel at the scale the industry requires. Emeritus Professor Robert Henry said sugarcane offers the best chance of success.

“Our mission is ambitious: create economically viable, renewable aviation fuel at the scale this huge industry needs. Plants are the best current source for renewable carbon, and all available evidence suggests sugarcane is the plant offering the best chance of success,” Professor Henry said.

Other potential feedstocks, such as algae and canola, face significant limitations. Algal systems are expensive and difficult to scale, while canola yields are low and much of Australia’s crop is exported for fuel rather than food, raising food security concerns.

“Land use is a critical consideration. So, what crops can you scale? Sugarcane is productive and grown on a relatively small proportion of land. Its small footprint and exceptional productivity make it the standout choice,” Professor Henry explained.

The Hub’s research focuses on improving plant biomass for fuel conversion. Genetic improvements are first tested in rice, then applied to sorghum, and finally transferred to sugarcane, its closest domesticated relative. This tiered approach boosts efficiency and success rates.

Queensland’s established sugarcane industry, strong research capability, and domestic demand for aviation fuel position the state to lead the field. “The challenge now is clear: breed crops with a high proportion of convertible biomass without sacrificing yield. It’s a complex puzzle, but one worth solving. Sugarcane hits the sweet spot. It’s productive, sustainable, and scalable. If we get this right, Australia won’t just be part of the solution; we’ll be leading it,” Professor Henry said.

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Queensland’s sugarcane fields could become a key source of sustainable aviation fuel, thanks to new research into plant biomass and renewable carbon. Photo source: QAAFI

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