Melioidosis Awareness Urged as Wet Weather and Flood Risk Looms

Following the heavy rainfall and flooding caused by Ex-Tropical Cyclone Koji earlier this week, health authorities are urging North Queensland communities to remain alert to the risk of melioidosis, a rare but potentially deadly tropical disease found in soil and water.

Melioidosis is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, which lives naturally in deep soil and muddy water across northern Australia. After significant rain events and flooding — such as those experienced across the region on Sunday - the bacteria can be brought closer to the surface and spread more easily, increasing the risk of exposure.

Cases of melioidosis are most commonly reported during the wet season, particularly following cyclones, monsoonal rain or flooding. While the illness is uncommon in healthy adults and children, it can cause severe disease if the bacteria enters the body through cuts or sores, is inhaled in contaminated dust or water droplets, or is ingested via untreated water.

Symptoms can develop anywhere from one day to three weeks after exposure and may include fever, cough, difficulty breathing, skin ulcers or wounds that fail to heal. In severe cases, the infection can spread through the bloodstream, leading to sepsis and, if left untreated, can be fatal.

There is no vaccine for melioidosis, making prevention especially important as floodwaters recede and clean-up activities begin. Health authorities are encouraging residents to take the following precautions:

• Avoid contact with muddy soil or floodwater where possible
• Wear waterproof footwear and gloves when gardening, cleaning up or working outdoors
• Cover cuts, scratches and sores with waterproof dressings
• Wash skin thoroughly after contact with soil or muddy water
• Take extra care with foot and wound hygiene, particularly for people with diabetes
• Consider wearing a mask when using high-pressure hoses around soil or bore water

Melioidosis does not usually spread from person to person or from animals, but exposure can result in illness days, weeks, months or even years later.

Health officials remind the community that while most people exposed to the bacteria do not become sick, melioidosis can be life-threatening for those who do. Awareness, early symptom recognition and preventative measures are critical, particularly in the days and weeks following significant rainfall and flooding.

Anyone who feels unwell after potential exposure to muddy water or soil is urged to seek medical advice promptly. For health advice, contact a local doctor or health centre, or call 13 HEALTH (13 43 25 84). In an emergency, call Triple Zero (000).

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Water and mud can pose serious health risks, including exposure to rare tropical diseases like Melioidosis. Photo credit: Jenya Smyk

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